What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Irritable bowel syndrome, commonly referred to as IBS, is a prevalent digestive disorder that affects the colon (large bowel). This condition is characterized by a group of gut-related issues, and it is estimated that approximately 1 in 5 Australians will experience its symptoms at some point in their lives. It is more commonly seen in women than in men. Although IBS can cause discomfort and pain, it is not considered dangerous, and it does not lead to long-term damage to the colon or digestive system. Managing IBS often involves avoiding common triggers and making certain lifestyle changes. Cooleman Court Pharmacy is here to provide guidance on managing this
What Causes IBS?
The precise cause of IBS is not well understood, but several triggers have been identified that can provoke flare-ups. These triggers may include:
- Diet
- Stress
- Infection
- Medications
- Certain foods (though the specific foods vary from person to person)
Symptoms of IBS
Symptoms can differ widely from one individual to another, but some of the most common signs to watch for include:
- Abdominal pain or cramping, often relieved by passing gas or stool
- Alternating bowel habits, switching between constipation and diarrhea (or experiencing just one of these)
- A sensation of incomplete bowel emptying after a stool
- Abdominal bloating
- White mucus present in the stool
- Nausea
Abdominal Pain
Diarrhea
Nausea
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, or if they seem to be worsening, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider. A doctor will help determine if you have IBS or if your symptoms might be related to another underlying condition.
How is IBS Diagnosed?
If you suspect you have IBS, it is essential to see a doctor to rule out other more serious conditions. Diagnosis is generally based on your medical history and the symptoms you describe. To confirm IBS, doctors follow the “Rome IV” criteria, which includes the presence of recurrent abdominal pain at least once a week over the last three months, along with at least two other symptoms, such as:
- Pain during bowel movements
- Bloating or excessive gas
- Changes in bowel frequency
- Changes in stool consistency or appearance
If you’re over 40, have a family history of bowel cancer, or if your doctor suspects another condition, you may be referred for further testing to rule out other diseases such as Coeliac Disease or other inflammatory bowel conditions.
How to Treat IBS
Although IBS cannot be cured, there are numerous ways to manage and alleviate its symptoms. Treatment approaches may include:
- Prescription medications such as antispasmodics, antidiarrheal drugs, antidepressants, or antibiotics
- Over-the-counter medications like pain relievers, laxatives, and probiotics
- Behavioral therapies or psychological support
- Stress reduction techniques (e.g. yoga, meditation, outdoor walks, or reading)
- Dietary adjustments (such as increasing fiber intake and avoiding gas-producing foods)
- Regular meal routines
- Peppermint oil
- Increased water intake
How to Reduce IBS Symptoms
Alongside medication, dietary changes can often significantly reduce IBS symptoms. Working with a nutritionist or healthcare provider is recommended to ensure you maintain a balanced diet. Common foods to avoid when managing IBS include:
- Gas-producing foods like onions, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, dried beans, and cauliflower
- Dairy products (e.g. milk, ice cream, and some yogurts)
- Alcoholic beverages
- Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, sorbitol, and mannitol
Some individuals may benefit from a Low FODMAP diet, which limits certain foods to ease symptoms. FODMAPs are specific types of sugars that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine. This diet can help pinpoint which foods trigger IBS flare-ups and assist in symptom management. Foods to Avoid on a Low FODMAP Diet:
- Garlic, onions, apples, and green peas
- Dairy products such as milk and yogurt
- Chickpeas, and wheat-based products like bread
Foods to Include on a Low FODMAP Diet:
- Red bell peppers
- Oranges and grapes
- Eggs
- Oats and rice
- Plain cooked meats
- Dark chocolate
For a complete list of high and low FODMAP foods, you can visit the Monash University FODMAP website. However, it’s essential to consult with a registered nutritionist to ensure that this diet is implemented correctly.
Increasing Fiber to Help with IBS
Low-fiber diets can worsen constipation, so increasing your fiber intake is often a helpful approach. The recommended amount of fiber for adults is between 25g and 30g per day. A typical high-fiber breakfast could include whole-grain toast, oats, porridge, or cereals, followed by at least 2 servings of fruit and 5 servings of vegetables per day.
Should I See My Doctor About IBS Symptoms?
If you have experienced IBS symptoms for six months or longer, it’s advisable to seek medical advice. While IBS doesn’t cause long-term damage, it can significantly impact your quality of life. It’s essential to rule out other serious conditions and explore treatment options that can help alleviate your symptoms.