What is a sinus infection?
The paranasal sinuses are hollow cavities within the facial bones that form part of your nose and respiratory tract. There are four linked pairs: the maxillary (cheek), frontal (forehead), ethmoidal (around the eyes), and sphenoidal (behind the eyes). When these spaces become inflamed, swollen, or invaded by pathogens, the condition is known as sinusitis or rhinosinusitis. It’s classified as acute (under 4 weeks), sub-acute (4–12 weeks), or chronic (over 12 weeks or recurring). The main distinction from a common cold is that cold symptoms typically resolve in 5–10 days on their own, whereas sinusitis often lasts much longer and may require medical care.
How do you get a sinus infection?
Sinusitis develops when excess mucus or swelling blocks the narrow channels of the nasal lining. Typical causes include:
- Upper respiratory infections (colds)
- Allergies (e.g. hay fever)
- Nasal polyps obstructing airflow
- Deviated septum restricting drainage
- Underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis or immune disorders
Acute cases usually follow a cold or allergic flare-up, while chronic sinusitis often stems from structural issues or ongoing health problems.
What are the signs and symptoms?
Major signs and symptoms include:
- Cold-like symptoms persisting beyond one week, often with fever
- Thick, yellow or green nasal discharge
- Puffiness around the eyes
- Post-nasal drip causing bad breath, coughing or nausea
- Headache or earache
When should you see a doctor?
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:
- Recurrent sinus infections
- Symptoms lasting more than 10 days
- High fever, severe sinus pain, or facial swelling
- Any vision changes during an episode
Bacterial sinusitis may be treated with antibiotics; allergy-driven cases often require referral to an allergist.
What treatments can relieve a sinus infection?
- Over-the-counter pain relief (e.g. paracetamol)
- Nasal decongestant sprays (use no more than 4–5 days in a row; ask our pharmacist for advice)
- Steam inhalation with a few drops of eucalyptus oil to open nasal passages and reduce inflammation
- Warm compresses applied to the face
- Saline nasal rinses to help flush out mucus
Most people improve within about a week without antibiotics, though some may need prescription medication.
How can I prevent a sinus infection year-round?
- Quit smoking and avoid polluted air
- Control allergies by steering clear of known triggers
- Reduce colds and flu through frequent handwashing and using hand sanitizer
- Use a humidifier to keep your airway passages moist
- Get an annual flu vaccination