Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a prevalent pathogen that targets the lungs and air passages. Although it most often affects infants and young children, adults are also susceptible. In the majority of cases, RSV produces only mild, cold-like signs, but it can occasionally cause severe illness necessitating hospital admission. The virus is most active in late autumn and throughout winter.
What steps can prevent RSV transmission?
An RSV vaccine offers a proven, safe defence against serious disease from RSV infection. Because RSV particles can remain viable on surfaces for up to 4–7 hours, practising strict hygiene, especially frequent hand-washing with soap and water after sneezing or contacting someone who is unwell, is vital to curb its spread.
Which signs and symptoms are typical for RSV?
RSV spreads easily when:
- An infected person coughs or sneezes nearby
- You have direct contact with them (for example, kissing someone with RSV)
- You touch items contaminated with viral droplets (toys, countertops, doorknobs)
People with RSV are usually infectious for three to eight days after symptoms begin, and transmission can be rapid in settings such as childcare centres and schools. Age-specific symptoms
- Infants may exhibit irritability, poor feeding, altered breathing patterns, reduced activity, fever, runny nose and coughing
- Toddlers often show a runny nose, coughing, sneezing, trouble swallowing, rapid breathing, decreased appetite or reluctance to drink, and less interest in play
- Older children and adults typically experience milder signs: runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, mild headache and fever
How is RSV identified?
Clinicians usually diagnose RSV based on medical history, symptom review and a physical exam. When confirmation is required, RSV can be detected by:
- PCR testing of nasal or throat swabs
- Blood tests for RSV-specific antibodies
Which treatments are available for RSV?
Most RSV infections are mild and managed at home with rest, adequate hydration (including more frequent feeds for infants) and over-the-counter fever reducers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (never give aspirin to children under 12). Saline nasal drops can help clear congestion, your pharmacist can recommend appropriate products. In severe cases, hospital care may involve intravenous fluids and humidified oxygen to support breathing and fluid balance. Because RSV is viral, antibiotics are only used if a secondary bacterial infection develops.
When should you seek medical attention?
You should contact a doctor if your child’s condition worsens and:
- Their cough intensifies
- An infant takes less than half their usual feeds or refuses food/drink
- They become unusually drowsy or less responsive
- They develop a high fever
- You feel they are not improving
Go to your nearest emergency department or call 000 immediately if:
- Your child struggles to breathe
- They grunt while breathing
- Their skin appears bluish