Impetigo
Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection, commonly seen in young children and infants, and is often referred to as “school sores” due to its prevalence among school-aged kids. It manifests as itchy blisters or sores on the skin. Though it is usually mild, it can be more dangerous for newborns.
Symptoms of Impetigo
The main symptoms of impetigo include red, itchy skin that develops into blisters, typically around the nose and mouth. The blisters break open, releasing a yellowish, sticky fluid, which eventually dries into a honey-colored crust. Once the scab falls off, the skin heals fully, and scarring is uncommon.1
What Causes Impetigo?
Impetigo is caused by bacterial infections, specifically Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteria. The infection occurs when these bacteria enter through broken or scratched skin. Impetigo can affect anyone, but certain factors increase the likelihood of contracting it, such as:2
- Age: It primarily affects children aged 2-5 years.
- Underlying health conditions: Such as eczema, diabetes, or weakened immune systems.
- Skin injuries: Cuts or abrasions can provide an entry point for bacteria.
- Close contact: Being in contact with someone already infected.
- Weather: Impetigo is more common in warm, humid conditions.
Is Impetigo Contagious?
Yes, impetigo is contagious. Sores can begin appearing within 1-3 days of exposure to the bacteria. The infection spreads when the fluid from the blisters comes in contact with someone else, especially through touching infected skin or shared items such as toys, towels, clothing, and bedding. The contagious period continues until the sores dry up or until 24 hours after starting antibiotic treatment. During this time, children should stay home from school or daycare.
Diagnosis of Impetigo
Doctors typically diagnose impetigo by conducting a physical exam. In some cases, a sample from the sores may be collected to test for bacteria and confirm the diagnosis.
Treating Impetigo Sores
Treatment for impetigo generally involves applying a prescribed antibiotic ointment or cream directly to the affected areas. In more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed. It’s important to finish the full course of antibiotics, even if the sores appear to be healing.3 At home, you can also help manage impetigo by:
- Washing the sores with a saline solution (1 teaspoon of salt per cup of warm water) two to three times daily using a cotton ball or wet towel. Always discard or clean the towel to avoid spreading the infection.
- Gently patting the sores dry with a clean towel before applying the antibiotic ointment.
- Covering the sores with waterproof dressings to prevent contamination.
- Regularly washing towels, sheets, and clothes, especially during the infection.
Potential Complications
Impetigo, when treated promptly, typically does not lead to severe complications. However, if left untreated, it can cause:
- Scarring of the skin.
- Cellulitis, a more serious skin infection that may spread to deeper tissues, lymph nodes, or the bloodstream.
- Kidney damage.4
When to Consult a Doctor
If your child shows signs of impetigo, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider, as symptoms may overlap with other conditions like dermatitis or insect bites. See a doctor if:
- The sores worsen or spread despite treatment.
- Your child develops a fever.
- Swollen lymph nodes occur.
- The rash becomes red, warm, or tender.
- The child feels generally unwell.
Preventing Impetigo
To prevent the spread of impetigo, consider these steps:5,6
- Keep infected children home until the sores have healed.
- Avoid touching the sores or allowing children to scratch them.
- Discard or clean dressings immediately after removal.
- Wash hands frequently, especially after touching the sores or changing dressings.
- Do not share towels, bedding, or clothing.
- Encourage children to refrain from scratching the affected areas.