Age Spots Explained
Age spots are small, dark patches that show up on the skin. They most often occur in individuals over the age of 40 but can also develop in younger people who spend a lot of time under the sun. These spots can affect anyone regardless of age, ethnicity, or gender, though they tend to be more visible on lighter skin tones.1 Often referred to as sun spots, liver spots, senile lentigines, or solar lentigines, these marks are essentially indicators of skin that has been exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.2 Those more prone to developing age spots typically include people who:3
- Are over 40 years old?
- Have lighter skin
- Frequently use tanning beds
- Spend extended periods in the sun without protection
What Triggers Age Spots?
Age spots form when the skin produces too much melanin, the pigment that gives your skin its natural color. Melanin levels vary between individuals, with those having darker complexions naturally producing more. However, prolonged exposure to sunlight or UV light from sources like tanning beds can cause an excess of melanin to gather in concentrated areas, resulting in these spots.4 Age spots may emerge suddenly or develop gradually over many years.
Identifying Age Spots
The color of age spots can range from light tan to dark brown or even black5, depending on your skin tone. These painless marks may appear as single freckles or grouped clusters, varying in size from tiny dots to patches up to two centimeters wide6. They commonly show up on skin parts most exposed to sunlight7, such as:
- The face
- The backs of the hands
- Shoulders
- Upper back
- Forearms
- Tops of the feet
How Are Age Spots Treated?
Since age spots are harmless, medical treatment is generally unnecessary. Cosmetic options include laser therapy to lighten the pigmentation or cryotherapy, which involves freezing the spots. These procedures might leave temporary or permanent marks.10 The cost, effectiveness, and treatment duration differ between methods, so consulting a healthcare provider can help determine the best option. Keep in mind these treatments are for appearance only, and spots may return if sun protection is not maintained.
Potential Issues With Age Spots
While age spots themselves don’t cause harm, they can make it harder to notice changes in the skin that might indicate cancer.11 If you have any concerns, regular skin examinations by a medical professional are recommended.
Can Age Spots Be Prevented?
Though age spots are a natural part of aging and can’t always be avoided,12 you can lower your risk by:
- Applying a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with at least SPF 30 about 30 minutes before going outside
- Reapplying sunscreen every two hours or after swimming or sweating
- Minimizing sun exposure, especially during peak UV times when the UV index is 3 or higher13 (check this with apps or weather websites)
- Wearing protective clothing like hats, long sleeves, pants, and sun-safe shoes, and seeking shade during the hottest hours of the day